Stock Count & Inventory Controls
Module 4:
Inventory & Costing
Duration:
45-60 minutes
Level:
Beginner to Diploma-Level
Lesson Objectives
➛ Define stock count | physical inventory count
➛ Explain the purpose of stock counting
➛ Identify types of stock counts
➛ Perform a basic stock count procedure
➛ Identify causes of inventory discrepancies
➛ Understand how stock counts support inventory control
➛ Explain the relationship between stock count and accounting records
Key Vocabulary
➛ Stock Count
➛ Physical Inventory
➛ Inventory Records
➛ Discrepancy
➛ Shrinkage
➛ Cycle Count
➛ Full Stock Count
➛ Adjustment
What Is a Stock Count?
A stock count (physical inventory count) is the process of
➛ Physically counting all inventory items
➛ Comparing actual quantities with accounting records
It ensures accuracy of inventory records
Why Stock Counts Are Important
Stock counts help businesses
➛ Detect errors in records
➛ Identify theft or damage
➛ Ensure accurate financial statements
➛ Maintain proper inventory levels
➛ Improve internal controls
Types of Stock Counts
1. Full Stock Count
➛ Entire inventory counted at once
➛ Usually done at year-end
➛ Time-consuming but thorough
Types of Stock Counts
2. Cycle Count
➛ Inventory counted in sections
➛ Done regularly | daily/weekly/monthly
➛ Less disruption to operations
Stock Count Procedure
1. Stop inventory movement | no sales or purchases
2. Organize inventory properly
3. Count physical inventory
4. Record quantities
5. Compare with inventory records
6. Identify discrepancies
7. Adjust records
Causes of Inventory Discrepancies
➛ Theft | internal or external
➛ Damage or spoilage
➛ Recording errors
➛ Misplacement of goods
➛ Supplier or delivery errors
Inventory Adjustments
When differences occur
If physical > recorded
➛ Increase inventory
If physical < recorded
➛ Decrease inventory shrinkage
Example Journal Entry | Shrinkage
Inventory Loss | or COGS
Inventory
Inventory
Dr
Cr
Cr
Stock Count & Internal Controls
Stock counts support internal control by
➛ Verifying inventory accuracy
➛ Detecting fraud
➛ Supporting audit processes
➛ Improving decision-making
True or False
➛ Stock count is the same as inventory records
➛ Cycle counts are done continuously
➛ Stock counts help detect theft
➛ Inventory discrepancies should be ignored
Fill in the Blanks
1. A stock count is a __________ count of inventory
2. Differences between records and actual stock are called __________
3. Loss of inventory is known as __________
4. Counting inventory in parts is called __________ counting
Scenario Analysis
A business records 500 units in its system, but physical count shows 460 units.
Questions
➛ What is the discrepancy?
➛ What type of issue is this?
➛ What journal entry is required?
Method Identification
Identify the type of stock count
➛ Counting all inventory once a year
➛ Counting a few items every week
➛ Counting inventory without stopping operations
Mini Case Study
A warehouse reports frequent differences between recorded inventory and physical stock.
Questions
➛ What could be causing these discrepancies?
➛ What type of stock count should be implemented?
➛ How can internal controls reduce these differences?
➛ Why is accurate inventory important for financial reporting?
Quick Quiz
➛ What is a stock count?
➛ Name two types of stock counts.
➛ What is shrinkage?
➛ Why are stock counts important?
➛ What happens when physical inventory is less than recorded inventory?
Answers ➧ Here
Inventory Turnover & Analysis ➧ Here