Stock Count & Inventory Controls



Module 4:
Inventory & Costing

Duration:
45-60 minutes

Level:
Beginner to Diploma-Level


Lesson Objectives

Define stock count | physical inventory count

Explain the purpose of stock counting

Identify types of stock counts

Perform a basic stock count procedure

Identify causes of inventory discrepancies

Understand how stock counts support inventory control

Explain the relationship between stock count and accounting records


Key Vocabulary

Stock Count
Physical Inventory
Inventory Records
Discrepancy
Shrinkage
Cycle Count
Full Stock Count
Adjustment


What Is a Stock Count?

A stock count (physical inventory count) is the process of

Physically counting all inventory items
Comparing actual quantities with accounting records

It ensures accuracy of inventory records


Why Stock Counts Are Important

Stock counts help businesses

Detect errors in records
Identify theft or damage
Ensure accurate financial statements
Maintain proper inventory levels
Improve internal controls


Types of Stock Counts

1. Full Stock Count
Entire inventory counted at once
Usually done at year-end
Time-consuming but thorough


Types of Stock Counts

2. Cycle Count
Inventory counted in sections
Done regularly | daily/weekly/monthly
Less disruption to operations


Stock Count Procedure

1. Stop inventory movement | no sales or purchases
2. Organize inventory properly
3. Count physical inventory
4. Record quantities
5. Compare with inventory records
6. Identify discrepancies
7. Adjust records


Causes of Inventory Discrepancies

Theft | internal or external
Damage or spoilage
Recording errors
Misplacement of goods
Supplier or delivery errors


Inventory Adjustments

When differences occur

If physical > recorded
Increase inventory

If physical < recorded
Decrease inventory shrinkage


Example Journal Entry | Shrinkage

Inventory Loss | or COGS
Inventory
Dr
Cr


Stock Count & Internal Controls

Stock counts support internal control by

Verifying inventory accuracy
Detecting fraud
Supporting audit processes
Improving decision-making


True or False

Stock count is the same as inventory records
Cycle counts are done continuously
Stock counts help detect theft
Inventory discrepancies should be ignored


Fill in the Blanks

1. A stock count is a __________ count of inventory

2. Differences between records and actual stock are called __________

3. Loss of inventory is known as __________

4. Counting inventory in parts is called __________ counting


Scenario Analysis

A business records 500 units in its system, but physical count shows 460 units.

Questions

What is the discrepancy?
What type of issue is this?
What journal entry is required?


Method Identification

Identify the type of stock count

Counting all inventory once a year
Counting a few items every week
Counting inventory without stopping operations


Mini Case Study

A warehouse reports frequent differences between recorded inventory and physical stock.

Questions

What could be causing these discrepancies?
What type of stock count should be implemented?
How can internal controls reduce these differences?
Why is accurate inventory important for financial reporting?


Quick Quiz

What is a stock count?
Name two types of stock counts.
What is shrinkage?
Why are stock counts important?
What happens when physical inventory is less than recorded inventory?

Answers ➧ Here

Inventory Turnover & Analysis ➧ Here