Adjusting Entries | Part 2
Depreciation & Bad Debts


Depreciation Calculation

Equipment
Cost = 10,000
Residual value = 0
Useful life = 5 years

10,000 - 0  
----------  
5  

2,000 per year




Vehicle
Cost = 18,000
Residual value = 3,000
Useful life = 6 years

18,000 - 3,000  
----------  
6  

2,500 per year




Furniture
Cost = 9,000
Residual value = 0
Useful life = 3 years

9,000 - 0  
----------  
3  

3,000 per year



Depreciation Journal Entries

Equipment

Dr
Depreciation Expense
2,000
Cr
Accumulated Depreciation
2,000



Vehicle

Dr
Depreciation Expense
2,500
Cr
Accumulated Depreciation
2,500



Furniture

Dr
Depreciation Expense
3,000
Cr
Accumulated Depreciation
3,000


Identify the Account Type

Depreciation Expense
Expense

Accumulated Depreciation
Contra Asset

Accounts Receivable
Asset

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Contra Asset

Bad Debts Expense
Contra Asset


Bad Debts Adjustment

1. Calculate bad debts expense

Accounts Receivable balance = $20,000
Estimated bad debts = 5%

Calculation
20,000 × 5% = 1,000

2. Prepare the adjusting journal entry

Dr
Bad Debts Expense
1,000
Cr
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
1,000


Mini Case Study

A company owns machinery costing $25,000, residual value $5,000, useful life 4 years.

Accounts Receivable = $40,000
Estimated uncollectible receivables = 4%

Questions

1. Calculate annual depreciation.

25,000 - 5,000  
----------  
4  

5,000




2. Prepare depreciation adjusting entry.

Dr
Depreciation Expense
5,000
Cr
Accumulated Depreciation
5,000



3. Calculate bad debts expense.
40,000 × 4% = 1,600

4. Prepare bad debts adjusting entry.

Dr
Bad Debts Expense
1,600
Cr
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
1,600



5. Show how machinery appears on the Balance Sheet after one year.

Description
Machinery | Cost
Less: Accumulated Depreciation
Net Book Value
Amount
25,000
5,000
20,000


Quick Quiz

Is depreciation a cash expense?
No

What account accumulates depreciation over time?
Accumulated Depreciation

Which method spreads cost evenly?
Staight-Line Method

Why do we estimate bad debts?
To match potential losses with revenue earned

Which account reduces Accounts Receivable?
Allowance for Doubtful Account

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